The two curves
One curve uses the same NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 technology everywhere. The other models export-control restrictions by assuming China uses Huawei CloudMatrix384, while other regions use GB200 NVL72. CloudMatrix384 is estimated to require 2.5× as much electricity for the same amount of dense-BF16 compute.
The curves use capacity estimates for data centers operational by December 31, 2025, and electricity prices effective during 2025.
Scope: These curves show selected regional estimates, not a complete global inventory. Only capacity with a usable electricity-price input is plotted, and prices mix public tariffs with industrial averages. Read the full methodology and limitations.
Reproduce and inspect